Population problems faced by developed countries.

 The developed countries are characterised by high levels of industrialisation and urbanisation, high per capita incomes, dependence of a major part of the workforce on secondary and tertiary activities, and an efficient and productive agricultural sector.

1. High Proportion of Old Age Population:

This happens because of low death rates and high rates of life expectancy. As a result, a large section of population is above sixty years of age and is dependent on the relatively small workforce. Also, financial problems arise on account of pensions, health services, etc.

2. Shortage of Labour:

As standards of education improve, the children remain longer at school and join the workforce later. This implies slow expansion of the workforce. As a result, many countries of Europe face shortage of labour. High wage rates disrupt the overall economic pattern.

3. Outmigration to Towns:

Search for better living conditions leads to distorted demographic structures, especially in rural areas, and neglect of the agricultural sector.

4. Congestion in Towns:

As towns expand, the pressure on civic amenities, transport, housing etc. increases. Pollution and social tensions lead to heart diseases, breathing problems, lung and skin problems etc.

5. Growth of Slums:

Unregulated growth of urban centres leads to growth of slums which creates many social and environmental problems. The highly productive agricultural land is encroached by urban houses, roads and industries.

Thus, the developing and the developed countries share many of the problems related to population. But, the problems of low population developing countries and the high population developing countries differ substantially.